翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ Utopia (1983 film) ・ Utopia (2013 film) ・ Utopia (2015 film) ・ Utopia (360 album) ・ Utopia (Alanis Morissette song) ・ Utopia (American band) ・ Utopia (Australian TV series) ・ Utility Hitter ・ Utility in Canadian patent law ・ Utility infielder ・ Utility knife ・ Utility location ・ Utility maximization problem ・ Utility meter ・ Utility model ・ Utility monster ・ Utility Muffin Research Kitchen ・ Utility pattern ・ Utility pigeons ・ Utility player ・ Utility pole ・ Utility Radio ・ Utility ratemaking ・ Utility room ・ Utility software ・ Utility sound technician ・ Utility station ・ Utility Stores Corporation ・ Utility submeter ・ Utility system Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Utility monster ： ウィキペディア英語版 Utility monster The utility monster is a thought experiment in the study of ethics created by philosopher Robert Nozick in 1974 as a criticism of utilitarianism. ==The thought experiment== A hypothetical being is proposed who receives much more utility from each unit of a resource they consume than anyone else does. For instance, eating a cookie might bring only one unit of pleasure to an ordinary person but could bring 100 units of pleasure to a utility monster. If the utility monster can get so much pleasure from each unit of resources, it follows from utilitarianism that the distribution of resources should acknowledge this. If the utility monster existed, it would justify the mistreatment and perhaps annihilation of everyone else, according to the doctrine of utilitarianism. This thought experiment attempts to show that utilitarianism is not actually egalitarian, even though it appears to be at first glance. There is no way of aggregating utility which can circumvent the conclusion that all units should be given to a utility monster, because every different system has a monster and defeating one utility monster creates another. For example, in Rawls' maximin or difference principle, maximin sets a group's aggregate utility as that of the being with least utility. Thus, giving units to the utility monster fails to change the group's utility unless the utility monster has the least utility. Even if the utility monster has the least utility, maximin would only prefer allocating units to the monster until it catches up with the member that has next-to-least utility. This would defeat the "happy" utility monster of average utility. But if the person who has the least utility gains only a tiny amount of utility from each unit of resources, they may never catch up with the next person, so they can similarly consume all of the resources in the world. It can be shown that all consequentialist systems based on maximizing a global function are subject to utility monsters. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Utility monster」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.